The Northern Hardwood Forest Wildlife

The understory of the northern hardwood forest includes several species of shrub.

The northern hardwood forest wildlife.

Fragmentation is a major issue in this ecological landscape since northern hardwood swamps are typically found within a mix of forest and farmland. Approximately 705 acres of northern hardwood conifer forest are present on the refuge. The northern forest is made up of a mixture of hardwood and boreal forests. The area of northern hardwood forests is probably decreasing due to increasing area of conifer red.

Because of the spatial relationship between them and the fact that they share many ecological components and plant species northern hardwood forests are critical to. This marks the transition zone between the deciduous hardwood forests and the northern or boreal coniferous forests. The northern hardwood forest is a general type of north american forest ecosystem found over much of southeastern and south central canada ontario and quebec extending south into the united states in northern new england new york and pennsylvania and west along the great lakes to minnesota and western ontario some ecologists consider it a transitional forest because it contains species. Northern hardwood forests provide habitat for numerous wildlife species that also rely heavily on spruce fir forests.

Today s forests don t support the same high diversity of wildlife species as older forests that contain a diversity of live and dead trees of different ages and sizes. The northern hardwood conifer forest is found around the refuge in the mid and upper elevations serving as a transition from the lower hemlock hardwood pine forest to the high elevation spruce fir forest. The boreal forests which include spruce and fir trees extend north into canada. The hardwood forests which include oak sugar maple and beech trees are found in the southern areas of the region.

Umbagog national wildlife refuge is located in the mixed spruce fir northern hardwood forest. This is the most abundant refuge habitat type. Fruits of beech and black cherry are especially important food sources for wildlife. Many wildlife species of conservation concern found in northern hardwood conifer forests are attracted to patches of old or young trees within the larger forest area.

Northern hardwood forests are the matrix communities of west virginia s highlands and are important for many wildlife species adapted to a cool moist climate.